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发表于 2024-7-8 15:45:36
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内行? Thanks.
only read 3 books about evolution (plus a speech about evolution by My favorite philosopher Karl Popper), 《the selfish gene》,《the social conquest of the earth》,《Evolution in Four Dimensions ife and Mind: Philosophical Issues in Biology and Psychology》 (they are intensive reading though).
construct of genes? (it is the operationalization of genes. IS there another thread call "operation DNA" at baihua recently? I thought everybody at that thread understands this. It looks funny when people don't know what they are saying will say it anyway. I mean other people at the thread.)
A construct in the philosophy of science is an ideal object, where the existence of the thing may be said to depend upon a subject's mind. This, as opposed to a "real" object, where existence does not seem to depend on the existence of a mind.
In a scientific theory, particularly within psychology, a hypothetical construct is an explanatory variable which is not directly observable. For example, the concepts of intelligence and motivation are used to explain phenomena in psychology, but neither is directly observable. A hypothetical construct differs from an intervening variable in that it has properties and implications which have not been demonstrated in empirical research. These serve as a guide to further research. An intervening variable, on the other hand, is a summary of observed empirical findings.
The creation of constructs is a part of operationalization, especially the creation of theoretical definitions. The usefulness of one conceptualization over another depends largely on construct validity.
Concepts that are considered constructs by this definition include that which is designated by the symbol "3" or the word "liberty". Scientific hypotheses and theories (e.g. evolutionary theory, gravitational theory), as well as classifications (e.g. in biological taxonomy) are also conceptual entities considered to be constructs. WIKI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con ... sophy_of_science%29
Simple examples of real objects (that are not constructs) include lawyers, silver fish and undershirts.
Other Examples of Constructs:
In Biology
Genes, evolution, illness, taxonomy
In Physics/Astrophysics
Black holes, the Big Bang, Dark Matter, String Theory, molecular physics or atoms, gravity, center of mass
In Psychology
Intelligence or knowledge, emotions, personality, moods
Luguo wrote: (5/28/2013 18:17)
a trait or a construct --- what do you mean by "construct"?
事物 wrote: (5/28/2013 15:39)
瓦， 内行看门道。 这个是不容易分清楚，所以在文章中专门写了这么一段：
“我想在这里顺便澄清一个十分混淆的概念。 一般而言，在新闻或科普文章里提到“糖尿病基因”，“聪明基因”，其实指的是在某个具体基因里找到了DNA突变，而且这突变够解释那个疾病的机理，或者某个性状的差异。 比如我前面说找到了一个小鼠的肥胖基因，真正找到的呢，其实是一个基因里的一个核苷酸突变，这个突变使得同一个基因有了两个不同的基因型，一个“正常”，有这个基因型的小鼠体重正常；有＂突变＂基因型的小鼠则肥胖。 同理，我们需要找到能够解释人群肤色差异的基因突变，才算找到了“肤色基因”。”
On the other hand, do you confuse gene with allele?
"Colloquial usage of the term gene (e.g. "good genes", "hair color gene") may actually refer to an allele: a gene is the basic instruction—a sequence of nucleic acids (DNA or, in the case of certain viruses RNA), while an allele is one variant of that gene. " wiki
"In most cases, all people would have a gene for the trait in question, but certain people will have a specific allele of that gene, which results in the trait variant. Further, genes code for proteins, which might result in identifiable traits, but it is the gene, not the trait, which is inherited." wiki
that makes me think whether IQ is a trait or a construct. If it is the later, what happens? |
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发表于 2024-7-6 16:57:33